RIFXAPPLimap,mmapRIFXimap mmap,ListDictnFile<ZListDictn$BJ BOBB*Projects:Anth-3:Exercises:Dating:DendroSimRIFXSTXTD?BITDFESTXT\GBITDJBITDROBITDVSBITDUTBITDYXSTXTj`STXTmnSTXTCAS* FXmpFmap8Lctx SordVWCF VWFIVWFM0VWSCVWtkVWtkVWtkVWtkVWtk<VWtkRg&UUUuv     HH8UUUUUU VWCFPP<0@@+ w]H_<Ν+Sordj++$  % ' !& "#()*+CAS*!#&+>)-7@ABKL;QTEJ 4W^gv_`n1OSX?GCAStL*#D*"86.3SectionCAStR0Fz:hE General StripCAStQ/#=I0H Master StripCAStJ(DG  8;,>ChartCAStO-Fsx :g,_I Sim MasteriCAStO-znC Sim SampleaCASt^:V[VVCASt^:@@@CASt^:@@@CASt` :]CASt^:```CASt^:CAStG= goNext CAStH> HpauseItCAStPCAStP~lCAStO~oCAStIICAStJlCAStKtCASt^:PDPPCAStnCASt"m9a-&|CASt^:CASt"Fc:TGCASt^: D CASt^:000CASt@6 CAStHeiCASt@6 pCASt@6 CAStGfwhCASt^:LLLCASt& ]CASt@6 CASt" TCASt<d%gOs5CASt<d%gOs5CASt^:0D00CASt@6 xCASt^:DCASt   CASt LctxO NNV R H  h Hi = p:  xo q Z0[\r<s LscrJiP\ dddBW\bbb bLscrJiP\ dddBW \bbb bLscrJiP\A*A+CBWCf AACf A ]BW T &\ LscrJiP\ AA$AA]DA]DA]AA]BWBW.\  LscrJiP\  BWAA*A+CA]AABWAAA]DA]DA]  .\  moveStrip() testStrip()LscrJiP\(@fffA)BW\ddd dLscrJiP\#fffABW\ddd dLscrJiP\```\^^^^LscrJiP\```\^^^^LscrJiP\ ```\^^^^LscrJiP\ ```\^^^^LnammouseUpnextgo enterFramepause exitFrameframecontinue puppetSprite trueOrFalse mouseDownmouseH updateStagemouse moveStrip testStripbeep startMovie installMenucursoriFmapDc/Nj(@J*63)F8NVRcNew YorkGenevaChicago Lithos BoldMonacohFXmp; Copyright 1994, Macromedia, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ; ;================================================================= ; ; Default Font Mapping Table for Director 4.0 Mac and Windows. ; ; This file provides a font mapping table for Director 4.0 for Windows ; and Director 4.0.3 for Macintosh. ; ; If a copy of this file is in the same folder or directory as the ; Director application, Director will automatically include this font ; mapping table in every new movie you create. ; ; To add this font mapping table to an existing movie, choose Movie Info ; from the File menu. Then click Load from File. Use the dialog box ; that appears to locate this file. ; ; Note: in this file, comments are denoted by using ";" to start the line. ; ;================================================================= ; ; FONT MAPPINGS ; ; Font mappings specify which font and size substitutions to make when ; moving a movie from one platform to another. ; ; The format for font mapping definitions is: ; ; Platform:FontName => Platform:FontName [MAP NONE] [OLDSIZE => NEWSIZE] ; ; MAP NONE means do not do character mapping for this font (see below). ; If you specify size mappings, they apply for THAT FONT ONLY. ; ; Here are some typical mappings for the standard Mac fonts: ; Mac:Chicago => Win:System Mac:Courier => Win:"Courier New" Mac:Geneva => Win:"MS Sans Serif" Mac:Helvetica => Win:Arial Mac:Monaco => Win:Terminal Mac:"New York" => Win:"MS Serif" Mac:Symbol => Win:Symbol Map None Mac:Times => Win:"Times New Roman" 14=>12 18=>14 24=>18 30=>24 ; ; Here are some typical mappings for the standard Windows fonts: ; Win:Arial => Mac:Helvetica Win:"Courier" => Mac:Courier Win:"Courier New" => Mac:Courier Win:"MS Serif" => Mac:"New York" Win:"MS Sans Serif" => Mac:Geneva Win:Symbol => Mac:Symbol Map None Win:System => Mac:Chicago Win:Terminal => Mac:Monaco Win:"Times New Roman" => Mac:"Times" 12=>14 14=>18 18=>24 24=>30 ; Note: When mapping from Windows to Mac, Courier and Courier New ; map onto Courier. When coming back to Windows only Courier New ; will be used. ; Japanese font mappings ; ; The Mac Japanese Osaka font is mapped to a Windows font, and all ; Windows fonts are mapped to Mac's Osaka. Map None is used because ; only Roman fonts need upper-ASCII characters mapped. To prevent ; mapping of any additional Japanese fonts, add them to this list. ; ; Note: If you do not have a Japanese system, the font names below ; will appear to be unreadable. Mac:Osaka=>Win:"WSVbN" Map None Win:"lr SVbN"=>Mac:Osaka Map None Win:"lr "=>Mac:Osaka Map None Win:"WSVbN"=>Mac:Osaka Map None Win:"W"=>Mac:Osaka Map None Win:""=>Mac:Osaka Map None ;================================================================= ; ; CHARACTER MAPPINGS ; ; Character mapping is used to ensure that characters such as ; bullets, quote marks, and accented characters always appear ; correctly when text is moved from one platform to another. ; When a character is mapped, a different ASCII value is ; substituted in order to preserve the appearance of the ; character. ; ; Character mappings are used for all fonts EXCEPT those declared ; above as Map None. ; ; The format for character mappings is: ; ; Platform: => Platform: OLDCHAR => NEWCHAR ... ; ; The following table provides a full set of bi-directional ; mappings for all ASCII values between 128 and 255. ; ; Note: Some characters are not available in both character sets. ; However, the bi-directional mapping table below preserves these ; characters even if they are mapped to a different platform and ; later re-mapped back to the original platform. Mac: => Win: 128=>196 129=>197 130=>199 131=>201 132=>209 133=>214 134=>220 Mac: => Win: 135=>225 136=>224 137=>226 138=>228 139=>227 140=>229 141=>231 Mac: => Win: 142=>233 143=>232 144=>234 145=>235 146=>237 147=>236 148=>238 Mac: => Win: 149=>239 150=>241 151=>243 152=>242 153=>244 154=>246 155=>245 Mac: => Win: 156=>250 157=>249 158=>251 159=>252 160=>134 161=>190 162=>162 Mac: => Win: 163=>163 164=>167 165=>149 166=>182 167=>223 168=>174 169=>169 Mac: => Win: 170=>153 171=>180 172=>168 173=>141 174=>198 175=>216 176=>144 Mac: => Win: 177=>177 178=>143 179=>142 180=>165 181=>181 182=>240 183=>221 Mac: => Win: 184=>222 185=>254 186=>138 187=>170 188=>186 189=>253 190=>230 Mac: => Win: 191=>248 192=>191 193=>161 194=>172 195=>175 196=>131 197=>188 Mac: => Win: 198=>208 199=>171 200=>187 201=>133 202=>160 203=>192 204=>195 Mac: => Win: 205=>213 206=>140 207=>156 208=>173 209=>151 210=>147 211=>148 Mac: => Win: 212=>145 213=>146 214=>247 215=>215 216=>255 217=>159 218=>158 Mac: => Win: 219=>164 220=>139 221=>155 222=>128 223=>129 224=>135 225=>183 Mac: => Win: 226=>130 227=>132 228=>137 229=>194 230=>202 231=>193 232=>203 Mac: => Win: 233=>200 234=>205 235=>206 236=>207 237=>204 238=>211 239=>212 Mac: => Win: 240=>157 241=>210 242=>218 243=>219 244=>217 245=>166 246=>136 Mac: => Win: 247=>152 248=>150 249=>154 250=>178 251=>176 252=>184 253=>189 Mac: => Win: 254=>179 255=>185 Win: => Mac: 128=>222 129=>223 130=>226 131=>196 132=>227 133=>201 134=>160 Win: => Mac: 135=>224 136=>246 137=>228 138=>186 139=>220 140=>206 141=>173 Win: => Mac: 142=>179 143=>178 144=>176 145=>212 146=>213 147=>210 148=>211 Win: => Mac: 149=>165 150=>248 151=>209 152=>247 153=>170 154=>249 155=>221 Win: => Mac: 156=>207 157=>240 158=>218 159=>217 160=>202 161=>193 162=>162 Win: => Mac: 163=>163 164=>219 165=>180 166=>245 167=>164 168=>172 169=>169 Win: => Mac: 170=>187 171=>199 172=>194 173=>208 174=>168 175=>195 176=>251 Win: => Mac: 177=>177 178=>250 179=>254 180=>171 181=>181 182=>166 183=>225 Win: => Mac: 184=>252 185=>255 186=>188 187=>200 188=>197 189=>253 190=>161 Win: => Mac: 191=>192 192=>203 193=>231 194=>229 195=>204 196=>128 197=>129 Win: => Mac: 198=>174 199=>130 200=>233 201=>131 202=>230 203=>232 204=>237 Win: => Mac: 205=>234 206=>235 207=>236 208=>198 209=>132 210=>241 211=>238 Win: => Mac: 212=>239 213=>205 214=>133 215=>215 216=>175 217=>244 218=>242 Win: => Mac: 219=>243 220=>134 221=>183 222=>184 223=>167 224=>136 225=>135 Win: => Mac: 226=>137 227=>139 228=>138 229=>140 230=>190 231=>141 232=>143 Win: => Mac: 233=>142 234=>144 235=>145 236=>147 237=>146 238=>148 239=>149 Win: => Mac: 240=>182 241=>150 242=>152 243=>151 244=>153 245=>155 246=>154 Win: => Mac: 247=>214 248=>191 249=>157 250=>156 251=>158 252=>159 253=>189 Win: => Mac: 254=>185 255=>216 tVWFI %Jsu$George H. Michaels, Ph.D. - OIC@UCSB$George H. 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ed^^4WXX3XW3XXW4X]^eee]3W]^^X3]ee^eWW34_W3Xe^_]33^_3^^^^3Xd^3,,2_^W3^e^W3]e3^e^ d_^]3]^dXW3 ^_X:3^^_^3WW^^^XW3X33^_edeed^^X3XXW4XWX4WXX3XXW4XW^^eee_^^X:93^^ee^W993^e^e^W3^_X3 ^e^^e]33^d_3X^^3^d3BITD STXT? > This tree was 25 years old when cut down. It has 25 winter and summer growth ring pairs. The dark lines are the dense winter rings, the light spaces mark the faster growth periods of summer. Click to continue ! UU!UU  UUoSTXT * The wide, dark lines represent particularly warm, moist winters when a lot of growth occurred. Click to continue ! UUu  UUSTXT * The narrower, light bands represent dry summers when the tree did not grow much at all. Click to continue ! UUs  UUSTXT * If we transfer a section of the rings from the center out to the most recent set onto a strip of paper, we have a convenient diagram of the growth cycles of this tree. Click to Continue ! UU  UU BITDU^W^^_^3We^3^eW3eX3Xde3]_e3We^39eW3We_^3W^e]3We^3 :^^e^339eW3^:W_^3]^e3W_^2^X]^4W^^^3^^3^eW9]3]_W3WeW3eW333_^3^^3X^e^33W_e^33W^e^e_^]^e3WeW3]3^d_^4W9^^9^X3^^3X^_^3e^43493^_3Xe^^3^_3^^3^^3 ^e^eW33^d^3^e^^X^34^:34^4^_^d^^3^^43^eX3^^3_dW:eW3X]3XdeW3We3e]3]3eW3WeeW3d^eW33WeW334^dW4e43eW3WeW^ _^^_^W^4W^e3XX3]eW4e^3_W3:eX3W^^3We34e3_^3eX39^:3 e^33W^e^_:We]39eW3We9^^d^ ^:]^X]_^3d^3_eW33W__^3^e]3^e3^^3W3Xd933]_e^d_3Xd3]e^eWWe33_2^^^^^3:^3:d3^W3^3:^_]3^d^X3^e^3eW33]e_3_]3^e3 Xe^dW33]e3 ^^4^_3Xe^^3Xde3d^ eWW^^W_X3Xe3^^W^_3dX3W3We43We_]3W3dX343_^_W3 dX33Xe_^^W33eW32^ e9^X]Xde39_^3^d33dW3993W^e^3e]3dX3:393_]3^e^3e]3^e^3d^393_3e^]^ eW4^9WeW3W^^3_:W:3We3We3WeW3]e43eW3WeeW343]ee^e_3We3We_^eW33WeeW33_]4^3^ _^d]W^^4^^3^e^3]3XedW3Xd3:34_W3Xe43^eeW3Xd93]e3Xe^3^d3^e^_9^^3Xe:3^_d_]3X^ ^^e_3^^3^^3]3We3^_3Xd3eW3We3933433_^_3Xd34e^e3X332e_^39^ d]4^W9_^3e43 Wee]3eX3:e^3e^3Wee^3W^eW3dX3:eX3_^3 9^d^334e^3^^3eX39eW3e3d^^__^3X^4:3WeW3X3eW3We3eW3eW3]_33We33Wee^e3We3We_^_e333We32^^_ed^49^W^_eW3^^e3Xe3^_^]3We3^e3^_3443Xd3We93Xe3Xe^3]e3 ^e^eW^_3Xe:3^^e_d^^^__^^W4dW943W3We3]eW33eW3We43We_]33eW343e^_eW33e^_WWe43eW33e433^ d:W^4WeeW3434343^^e^3e^3e]3eW3_^3:eX3_]3 9^d^33X^e^3^d^3_]39eW3e3^3^ _^eeW^^W9eW3WeeW34_^WeeW3We3343933eW343]_e^e3We3We_^_e433eW32^^]^3^ ^_XW^9W^e^3Xe_]3 ^_eW:^]33^e^W3]_3Xe43^_3We93]_3Xe^3:3^e^W^d3Xe:3^_e_^^X^ _^94^^3^^3We3^dW9_3WeeW3eW33_]33eW33 e^_eW33XeeW3e^_eWW3eW33^d^^^ed4]^33eW3W3^^3Xe3:e^3:3eX3eW3^^3:eX3_^3^d^3e^3 ^e^3__^39eW3e3^ _^^e^WX^X3^^3e433WdeX3We3WeeW33]_3333]ee^e33We_^e33332^^_^d^^3:]9We^^3Xe:3Xe_W^_3eW3^e3^^3Xe43^^3We^]3^_3Xe^3^e3^d^3^3Xe^^3^^e_d^^ddW3^X4^e3^3^eW9^^3We^^3^_dW3X43^_33eW343_^_eW3eW3e^e3We43eW32^__^93^^^3^3^dX^e_]3W_3^3X3W^e^3_^3:43_]3^d^3e^3 ^:We_]393e3^ ^4WX339^_3WeeW3X:^39e3^3deX3Xd3^3We3^3 ]__^e_W33We3We_^eW33WeeW33^ ^^:W9^:33^d3^eW3^e3]eW3X^3X^X3XeW3993e43eW3e3 Xe^^W33^e3^d^edW:3Xe:3^_e^4^^W3^X3_^43_3^^3^^W3e33eW3W3We^:3W3]e^3^_3^^^eW^e3^e^W3W2^]^W94^^^^3]^3W^3WeeW3^e^3]^3WedX3dX34^e]3W_W3__^3^e^433W^3^e^d^3^3^e^3We3^ X9^34Xd_43_^3^eW3eW3WeW3Xe33dX3W39e3W3We^edW33We433We^_eXW34W3e^3 STXT3 Click to Continue  DDtSTXT  These strips, compiled from hundreds of trees of the same species and from the same general area, can then be cross-matched to put together a master dendrochronological graph. Of course the older the tree is, the longer the individual series from that tree will be, and the more confidently it can be matched to the series from other trees. For the western United States, core samples from bristle cone pine trees provide the longest and most easily readable sequences.  ! DDoBITD iBITD   BITDI                                      STXT x* Here we have combined our sample section with two other dendrological sections to form a 50 year master dendrogram.    DDBITD          STXT  In archaeology, dendrochronology is used to date timbers used in construction. You must have a section that has at least 30 well preserved rings of heartwood in order to make a confident match. The strip from the archaeological sample is compared to a master from that area. If a good match is found, then the date the tree died or was cut down can be established - usually to the year. ! DDBITDoBITD ~STXT aGrab the dendro strip on the bottom and drag it sideways until it matches the master strip above.  DDSTXTt R Congratulations! In this case, we have the rings out to the edge of the trunk in our sample piece. The chart indicates that the tree died in 1978. If this timber had been used in the construction of a house, we could confidently say that the house could not have been built before 1978. It is usually prudent to have several samples from the same structure checked to see if the dates corroborate each other. People often reused old timbers in new construction, and if you happened to pick the one old beam for tree-ring dating, you might miss-date the structure by hundreds of years!  DDSTXT  You may either go back to the beginning of this animation by clicking the "Replay" button below, or you may quit and return to your web browser by choosing "Quit" from the File menu.DDaBITD<BITD  eSTXT, Let Me Try DDSTXT( Replay DDSTXT9 menu:File Quit/Q quit  rBITD 088880 BITD,??THUMVWFMTHUMTHUMTHUM